身份的焦虑与建构——从离散视角解读《喜福会》开题报告

 2023-01-07 10:56:43

1. 研究目的与意义

离散是近年来族裔文学研究的一个专注的内容，在美国生活的华裔作为一个离散群体,在文化身份认同方面表现出离散文化的特点。

华裔美籍作家谭恩美的代表作《喜福会》轰动了美国文坛，它使生活在美国的华人群体和中国悠久的文化传统逐步凸现出来，把美国华裔文学推到了一个新的阶段。

小说中的母女，作为华裔离散群体，正处于身份的焦虑与建构中。

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2. 文献综述

Literature Review on The Joy Luck ClubIn the contemporary Chinese American literature, Amy tan is a trailblazer. In 1989, Amy Tans first novel The Joy Luck Club was published, which was a tremendous critical and commercial success for her and Chinese-American Literature. Later it was recorded into American literature history. Before the end of its first year, it had been named a selection for both the Book-of-the-Month Club and the Quality Paperback Club. Amy Tan pushed the Chinese American literature to a peak through this work. At the same time, The Joy Luck Club aroused heated discussions and studies in the critics at home and abroad.The research of The Joy Luck Club in the western academic circle is relatively early, and most of researches are concentrated on the gender, race, identity and nationalism in The Joy Luck Club. Huntley (1998) analyzes The Joy Luck Club comprehensively. He analyzes the novel from different aspects, such as plot development, narrative structure, point of view, character development, setting, literary devices and major themes. In his book, he says that the episodic structure highlights the conflicts in the novel through a variety of structural devices: changing, shifting focal point; clear relationships between cause and effect across time and great distance; cliffhangers and false resolutions and denouements that create suspense and tension (p.42). Huntley (1998) also mentions that critics continue the cultural analysis of The Joy Luck Club by focusing on issues of identity and ethnicity or race in the novel, especially on biculturalism. Some of other critics center on studying the Chinese culture. Hamilton (1999) pays attention to the traditional Chinese Belief, such as Feng Shui, astrology, and the five elements, to analyze the differences between two cultures.One of the most popular studies of The Joy Luck Club is cultural identity study. Through studying the images of Chinese culture in The Joy Luck Club, Amy Ling (1990) figures out generational differences to reflect collide between Chinese and Western culture. Shear (1993) is not only focus on the generational differences, but also analyzes the Diaspora in The Joy Luck Club. Om (1999) concentrates on the Creating Identity in the novel, which explores the identity issues of individuals who are caught between two opposite cultures. Bella Adam (2006) has pointed out the significance of balancing between two cultures, and the Chinese American women have to refine themselves to achieve the balance in the special situation.According to those western related materials, comments on The Joy Luck Club can be divided into two opposite. On the one hand, some critics believe that the ideology in The Joy Luck Club coincides with the mainstream ideology study and the American dominated culture. Chin (1991) thinks the depiction of Chinese culture in The Joy Luck Club caters to the need of Western readers psychological and mental expectation. On the other hand, some view The Joy Luck Club as a work which withstands the American assimilationism. Through reading The Joy Luck Club and analyzing culture and identity, I think this work not only reflects the American dominant ideology, but also confronts the American assimilationism.Chinese scholars began to carry out research on The Joy Luck Club relatively later than western critics. According to relevant materials collected, the first article to introduce The Joy Luck Club is Amy Tan and The Joy Luck Club published in Reading magazine, the 5th issue in 1993 by Feng Yidai. I used The Joy Luck Club as the key word to search related materials in CNKI; I found about 1330 related materials, which include about 240 core journals from 1993 to 2015. To sum up, the perspectives of studies on The Joy Luck Club are mainly based on four aspects. Firstly, some Chinese critics focus on the feminist study on The Joy Luck Club. Due to the writer and main characters in The Joy Luck Club are women, many critics research it from the perspective of feminism. Xie Liang (2008) talks about the awakening of self-consciousness in The Joy Luck Club. Women may find their own status in the multicultural environment. Huang Ping (2013) says that women will realize their own value in patriarchal society through protracted and unremitting efforts.Secondly, fewer scholars analyze The Joy Luck Club from the perspective of narrative strategy. Tan Anqing (2004) explores the narrative strategy from the aspect of talk-stories. Talk-stories are dialogical, and can change the situation that Chinese American women always kept silent. It also reflects Chinese Americans begin to realize their identities. The stories are told from collective and individual perspective, which reflects the theme of The Joy Luck Club effectively. Chen Aiming and Shao Yi (2008) points out Amy Tan used female narrative technique, which can break through the tradition of patriarchal narrative. She reveals us the process of collision and fusion of two distinct cultures, which makes the novel with more cultural connotation and artistic tension. Zhang Ruihua (2001) discusses the implied meaning of mahjong in the novel to show the special technique of expression in The Joy Luck Club.Thirdly, ethnic identity and cultural identity are also being discussed widely by Chinese critics. Amy Tan has a dual identity, and this novel centers on Chinese American. So it is worth for critics to study the dual identity under the dual culture. In this research field, researchers may concentrate on identity anxiety and identity construction of Chinese Americans. For example, He Chen (2008) focuses on gender identity, cultural identity, and ethnic identity to present the comprehensive identity construction of Chinese American women. Yi Hong (2009) interprets Chinese Americans quest for cultural identity from the perspective of Game theory. Li Jiang (2013) figures out different aspects of Chinese and American cultures, and how Chinese Americans struggle to realize their cultural identity.Last but not least, cultural study is one of the most important studies in The Joy Luck Club. In this study field, there are different small aspects. First, some critics may focus on Chinese culture elements. Huang Shufang (2008) analyzes the implication of different images of China to reveal the cultural functions of those images. On the one hand, it reflects Chinese American writers choose of Chinese culture to cater to readers consciously or unconsciously. On the other hand, it shows that the process of culture transmission is mutual selection and infiltration. Chen Tingting (2006) analyzes different images of China to reflect Chinese Americans lives and difficulties.Second, many scholars concentrate on conflict and blend between Chinese and Western culture. Some materials are focused on the relationship of mother and daughter, or maternal love to show the conflict and blend of different cultures. Chen Aimin and Zhang Ruihua (2001) point out the misunderstanding and conflict between mother and daughter to show the conflict and difference between Chinese and Western culture, and focus on the communication and understanding between two generations to reflect the blend of cultures. Meanwhile, Yuan Xia (2003) starts from the American dream in The Joy Luck Club to discuss the conflict of Chinese and Western culture. Wang Heping and Wang Ting (2007) interpret the identity of the two generation from the perspective of cross-cultural communication. This is a breakthrough in The Joy Luck Clubs cultural study.Among the research aspects mentioned above, we can see the perspective of study on The Joy Luck Club become wider and wider. However, studies still have some shortcomings. For example, western scholars pay too much attention to ethnic and feminism; they ignore the aesthetic value of The Joy Luck Club. And the perspective of Chinese scholars to interpret The Joy Luck Club is too simple.Nowadays, with the increasing pace of multiculturalism, identity becomes more and more important as well as the research on identity. Although there are a lot of researches on identity in The Joy Luck Club, I think there is still some place for us to deepen and conclude the topic of identity in a way which is more comprehensive and universal. The characters in The Joy Luck Club belong to the Diaspora community. As Kobena(1990) remarks, identity only becomes an issue when it is in crisis, when something assumed to be fixed, coherent and stable is displaced by the experience of doubt and uncertain. Under two completely different cultures, diaspora subjects experiences the displacement and sojourning, and they may have a strong desire to obtain the sense of belonging and redefine themselves. However, before they construct their own identity, they suffer from the identity confusion and anxiety.Diasporic perspective can interpret the cultural conflict and the dual identity roundly. This thesis will analyze the identity issue from diaspora perspective. It aims at figuring out the reasons of identity anxiety, and probing into the process of identity construction in a comprehensive and universal way from the perspective of diaspora. My thesis may have some shortcomings. I hope the research on identity issue from diasporic perspective in The Joy Luck Club will cast new light on the study of other diaspora subjects on identity issue.

3. 设计方案和技术路线

阅读文献，将离散理论运用到文本分析之中

4. 工作计划

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5. 难点与创新点

离散视角是研究族裔文学的较新的视角

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