英语中汉语借词及其文化研究开题报告

 2023-01-07 10:56:44

1. 研究目的与意义

英语，作为一门被广泛使用的语言，拥有许多外来语，这些外来语的产生是为了更好地交流。

古往今来，中国与西方有着密不可分的联系，故汉语成为英语中部分外来词的源语言，我们称之为汉语借词。

汉语不仅充实了英语词汇，还还满足了交际的需求。

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2. 文献综述

As a student majored in English, I learned many lessons about English. For instance, I have had a lesson called History And Anthology Of English Literature, and our teacher told us that learning English culture well was positive for us to learn English. From this, we could get that culture has effects on acquiring languages. English, as a language which is used by people from many countries wildly, has many borrowing words from other countries. And Chinese is extensive and profound, so it becomes the source languages of parts of loan words in English. In the progress of close communication between China and the West, with doubt, English borrows much Chinese. In other words, culture has an important influence on the appearance of loan words. Chinese loan words in English is the products that Chinese culture enters into the western culture.I want do some research on Chines loan words in English, and discuss and explore how Chinese culture affects theses Chinese loan words. I think this is useful for us to take full use of Chinese loan words to have communication.To complete my paper, I read many papers and periodicals about Chinese loan words in English. Some periodicals are written by famous English educators, such as Wang Rongpei who is a famous educator, translator and lexicologist, Tao Yuelian who has published several books about loan words, translation and English textbooks. From these materials, I have a clear understanding on loan words, and know about their development in different periods. With the researches on the cultural exchangebetween China and the West, I could have some ideas that Chinese loan words in English are the reflect of the mix of Chinese culture and English.My paper would focus on Chinese loan words in English, and give a detailed introduction about definition, analysis, history, and so on. From different aspects, we would have a good understanding on them. At present, there are several articles discussing about Chinese loan words in English, but different people have different viewpoints about them. Chinese loan words in English are related to the culture and history, so nobody could give a correct opinions. I read related papers and works published, consider on myself and give some ideas. To tell the truth, articles on Chinese loan words in English are quiet limited, and I must make full advantage of all materials which I have read. I would like to talk about the topic from the surface to the inner, and from the basic to the root. I think its easy for us to analyze and understand Chinese loan words in English well. I get knowledge of Chinese loan words in English from all the following articles:Sources of Chinese borrowings in English, written by Wang Rongpei and Chang Junyue in 2001, mainly searches the source language of Chinese borrowings. They both have a coincident view that language and culture couldnt be divided. The article gives us a historical review and does a brief introduction. And they talk about the methods that Chinese enters into English, such as indirect and direct trade, news media, the areas of two languages, and so on. They also tell the four-stage process that English absorbs and assimilates Chinese, and there are Chinese borrowings which are divided into four levels according to four developed stages. Views on Chinese Loan Words in English and Their Linguistic Characteristics, written by Lou Haiqing and Deng Shouqun in 2010, as many essays, talks about the historical process, research results and classification. Chinese loan words in English are affected by two aspects-- Chinese culture and thoughts and English word formation. So Chinese loan words in English has the features of English which include voice, syntax and semantics. Then authors describe the characteristics on Chinese loan words in English from the point of linguistics.The Effect of Chinese Language to English language, written by Li Fang in 2014, discusses the cause that Chinese influences English and has detailed explanation on specific effects. The effects that Chinese has on English reflect on three parts--the increasing English vocabulary, effects on morphology and syntax , and influence out of glossary. The reasons for these effects have two factors--Chinese itself which includes economy and social elements and compatibility of English.The Phenomenon of the Borrowing words in Intercultural Communications, written by Xu Hong in 2005, talks about Chinese cultural nature and Chinese and Western communication, then turn to the appearance of Chinese loan words. She also tells about the development of Chines loan words, the characteristics of borrowing words and the classification of Chinese borrowings. From knowing the features of Chinese loan words, the author gives a conclusion that Chinese loan words would be more and more used and borrowed in the future international communication. The Research on the Produced Principles of Chinese Loan Words in English under Conceptual Blending Theory, written by Yu Yan in 2015, focus on explaining and proving the process of loan words. He also bases on the definition, characteristics and classification about Chinese loan words. Taking the translating principles under the Conceptual Blending Theory as the entry point, he gives examples and evidences to improve that the form of Chinese loan words in English obeys Conceptual Blending Theory. He breaks through facial research on Chinese borrowings, and has deeper knowledge on cognition of Chinese loan words.The classification of Chinese loan words, written by Zhang Jinwen in 2003, mainly focus on classified Chinese loan words into foreign words, loan blends and loan words on his own. Some famous foreign and Chinese scholars have different opinions on the classification, and he gives some scholars standpoints. According to these basic knowledge, with the reference of some dictionary, comparing all these classification, he finally makes his own classification. The Cultural Effects to Languages by Chinese Loan Words in English, written by Ma Min in 2010, aims to search the influence of communication to languages from the point of studying the glossary of Chinese borrowings in English. By analyzing the definition, characteristics and borrowing methods of loan words, she has a detailed introduction on Chinese loan words and gives many examples. An Analysis of the Cultural Origin and Linguistic Features of Chinese Borrowings in English, written by Gu Juhua in 2006, takes the cultural origin of Chinese borrowings as the entry point. Then she analyzes language characteristics, morphology features, borrowing methods, and borrowing features. She thinks the history of Chinese loan words in English is divided into three periods. She describes grammar traits by the form of spell, number and initial capital or small letter and the ability of derivation.An Intercultural Communicative Study on Chinese Loanwords into the English Language一A Historical Perspective, written by Wang Hui in 2012, takes Chinese borrowings as a case of intercultural communication. Some features of intercultural communication are discussed by analyzing Chinese loanwords borrowed into English in different in different historical periods. She also agrees on the three-period opinion and thinks that Chinese loan words are changing all the time with the time changing. She also reveals some trend of the development of Chinese borrowings in English in the future. Influence of Chinese Culture by Chinese Borrowings in English, written by Tao Yuanlian in 2006, discusses the relationship between languages and cultures and it says that cultures decide language and languages reflect cultures. The development of cultures need to compound different national culture, so does the development of languages. The essence of Chinese borrowings in English is Chinese culture. He talks the relation between Chinese culture and Chinese loan words in English from the aspect of the history of Chinese and Western cultural communication. Chinese and Western cultural Communication by Borrowings in English and Chinese, written by Tian Hui in 2005, talks about cultural communication from the point of the borrowings in English and Chinese. She gives a two-period theory which means that the development of Chinese loan words in English could divide into to periods. In discussing the classification of the periods that Chinese enters into English, people have some different ideas. And she thinks that the language phenomenon of loan words reflects cultural contact. Her special view is culture infiltration of amusement, news, consumption and globalization.From so many articles, I have clear and detailed knowledge on Chinese loan words in English. Based on many famous linguists and English educators, I could get much information to complete my paper. Most people think that the development of Chinese loan words in English has three periods, and some think it has two or four periods. So I think its fine to take four-period theory into three-period theory. Nowadays, there are also many new Chinese translated into English, so in the modern period, I could fill in some new catchwords to make my paper to have more timeliness. In the part of the cultural influence, I would like make use of the history of Chinese loan words in English and the relation of culture and language, then give specific analysis on the influence that Chinese culture has on Chinese borrowings in English.

3. 设计方案和技术路线

确定英语中汉语借词的定义及其来源；分析中国从古至今和西方国家之间的经济和文化的交流，从而确立汉语进入英语的不同时期；以分析语言和文化之间的关系为出发点，找出中国文化英语中汉语借词的影响。

4. 工作计划

与学院要求的进度一致

5. 难点与创新点

引用比较新的汉语借词词汇，更加与时俱进，从英语中的汉语借词研究到文化影响，体现出文化的影响力之大。

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